Bellarmine · De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis · On the Ecclesiastical Writers
Chapter 19: The Fifth Century: Theodoret, Proclus, Eucherius, Cassian, Vincent of Lerins, Leo the Great, Nilus, Simeon Stylites, Hilary of Arles
Our translation, from the Latin of the Opera Omnia (Paris: Vivès, 1870–74), vol. XII, De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis, of the New Testament, fifth century. The Latin source text is public domain; this English rendering is released with the site. Scripture quotations follow Bellarmine's Vulgate citations, rendered in Douay-Rheims wording where he quotes exactly. Click “Show the Latin” for the original (raw OCR of the scan; scanning errors remain — the scan itself is the authority).
Theodoret, Bishop in Syria. 430
Theodoret was a contemporary of St. Cyril, and at times even his adversary, as is known from the Council of Ephesus. And though he favoured Nestorius at the beginning of the controversy, yet afterwards he came to his senses, and counted Nestorius among the heretics in book 4 On the fables of the heretics, and in the Council of Chalcedon was admitted among the Catholics. The works of Theodoret, from the Cologne edition of the year 1573, comprised in two volumes, are these.
The first volume: On the obscure questions in Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua and Judges, to which were added those on the book of Ruth, the books of Kings and Paralipomenon; Commentaries on all the Psalms of David; Commentaries on the Canticle of Canticles of Solomon; Commentaries on all the Prophets except Isaias; Commentaries on the Canticles of Moses, Anna, Habacuc, Isaias, Ezechias, the three Children, the Virgin Mary, Zachary and Simeon.
The second volume: Commentaries on all the letters of blessed Paul; five books of Church History from Constantine to Theodosius the younger (Gennadius adds that he continued the history to the emperor Leo, with five other books added; but these later books are not extant); three books of Dialogues; four books On the fables of the heretics, to which he added an epitome of the divine decrees; the History of the holy Fathers, which he calls the Religious; ten sermons On providence; twelve books On curing the maladies of the Greeks; lastly a Letter to Pope St. Leo, and another to Sixtus, Presbyter of Rome; and a very notable Oration on love.
Note. Theodoret, a plainly most learned man, wrote much more; and among other things Gennadius, in the book On Illustrious Men, mentions Theodoret's most powerful books against Eutyches and Dioscorus. He wrote also some things against St. Cyril, which are extant among the works of St. Cyril, but were condemned in the fifth general Synod together with the writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, whom the same Theodoret wonderfully praises at the end of the fifth book of his history. There is extant lastly in the fifth Synod, act 5, a letter of Theodoret to John of Antioch on the death of Cyril; but that letter is not only proved false, because it is certain that John of Antioch died before Cyril, but is also unworthy to be attributed to Theodoret or to any Christian.
Proclus, Bishop of Constantinople. 430
Proclus, Bishop of Constantinople, a contemporary of St. Cyril, whom the same St. Cyril mentions with great honour in the exposition of the Nicene creed and in letter 31 to John of Antioch, wrote a very famous letter on the faith to the Armenians, which is extant in the Library of the Holy Fathers, volume 3, and was lately printed in Greek and Latin in the first volume of the General Councils printed at Rome; and a fragment of it is recited in the fifth general Synod, act 5. He wrote also on the tradition of the divine liturgy. See on Proclus what Socrates writes, book 7, chapters 40, 41 and 42.
Eusebius of Emesa. 430
Under the name of Eusebius of Emesa are carried about homilies on the Gospels of the whole year, and again fifty most eloquent homilies on various subjects. St. Jerome mentions a certain Eusebius of Emesa in the book On Ecclesiastical Writers, whom he says wrote very many books and lived in the time of the emperor Constantius, the son of Constantine the Great. But his works are not extant, so we did not put him in his place. And this one is either another Eusebius of Emesa, from wherever he got this name, or these homilies were published under a forged name when the true author was unknown. Nor do those short homilies on all the Gospels seem to be of the same author as the fifty homilies on various subjects; for the style is very different. This is certain, that the author of the fifty homilies was a Latin, and a Monk in the Monastery of Lerins. For in the fifth homily to the Monks he shows that he was Abbot of a monastery set on an Island; the same, in the homily on St. Maximus, calls that island Lerins. He seems also to have been made Bishop from Abbot of Lerins, as he hints in the homily on St. Blandina. He disputes also against the Pelagians in the homily on Thursday of the Lord's supper; whence it is manifest that he is not the Eusebius of Emesa who flourished under Constantius. There are those who attribute these homilies to Eucherius, Bishop of Lyons; nor are there lacking those who name Caesarius of Arles as the author. I have seen one of these homilies headed with the name of Faustus, Bishop of Riez; nor is it improbable that all are of the same Faustus, who was Abbot of the monastery of Lerins and was created Bishop from Abbot, on the witness of Gennadius in the book On Illustrious Men. I do not define whose they are; but it has pleased me to place the author of these homilies here, because, whether he be Eucherius or Faustus or even Caesarius, he did not live before this time.
St. Eucherius, Bishop of Lyons. 440
St. Eucherius, Bishop of Lyons, lived in the times of Theodosius the younger and Valentinian; he died under the emperors Valentinian and Marcian about the year of the Lord 433 [as printed], as Gennadius writes On Illustrious Men, and Ado of Vienne in the Chronicle. Yet Cardinal Baronius, Annals volume 5, thinks these authors are mistaken, and that Eucherius lived beyond the year of the Lord 463, because the name of Eucherius is found in the subscriptions of the Bishops of the second Council of Orange and the third of Arles. But I suspect that he reached even the year 499. For in the life of St. Caesarius, Bishop of Arles, it is said that Eucherius, Bishop of Lyons, once made a journey with Caesarius of Arles himself; and that Caesarius was alive in the time of Pope Symmachus, who began to sit in the year 499, is plainly clear from the same life of St. Caesarius, in Surius, on the 27th of August. So either Gennadius's book must be corrupted, or there were two Eucheriuses, Bishops of Lyons.
But whatever may be of this, St. Eucherius wrote various little works, which Gennadius lists; nor do I well know whether they are still extant. He wrote also, on the witness of Claudianus, Bishop of Vienne, in the book On the state of the soul, most eloquent sermons, which are perhaps those now extant under the name of Eusebius of Emesa. There are attributed to Eucherius books of explanations on Genesis and on the books of Kings. But they cannot be Eucherius's, since the author often cites St. Gregory, and at the end of the exposition of the first book of Kings invites the reader to read through the Morals of St. Gregory; and St. Gregory was more than a hundred years later than Eucherius. Perhaps those who attributed these books to Eucherius were moved by the fact that Gennadius testifies that Eucherius wrote to Salonius and Veranus on the obscure chapters of the holy Scriptures. Further, the author of this work on Genesis and on the books of Kings seems to have been an Englishman [“Angelus” printed; Anglus is meant]. For in the third book of the Commentaries on the books of Kings, chapter 22, he speaks thus: “In our own times lately,” he says, “St. Gregory the Pope, strengthened by the words of the Gospel, ruled the Roman Church; and the most Reverend Fathers Augustine, Paulinus and others their companions came at his bidding into Britain,” and so on. And from this author Bede copied much in almost the same words in his questions on the books of Kings.
Claudianus, Bishop of Vienne. 440
Claudianus Mamertus, [Priest] of Vienne, a contemporary of St. Eucherius, wrote a notable work On the state of the soul, in which he mentions Eucherius, as we said above. This work, comprised in three books, is found in the Library of the Holy Fathers, volume 4.
Sidonius Apollinaris. 440
Sidonius Apollinaris, a most noble man, flourished at the same time. He was Bishop of Clermont. He wrote various works in prose and verse, as Gennadius relates in the book On Illustrious Men. Now there are extant the books of his letters to various persons, and his poems, published together.
John Cassian. 440
John Cassian, once Deacon of St. John Chrysostom, and afterwards coming to Gaul and settling there, ordained Presbyter at Marseilles, wrote in the Latin tongue: On the dress of Monks, and on the canonical manner of prayers and Psalms, 3 books; Institutions, 1; On the origin and remedy of the eight chief vices, 8; the Conferences of the Fathers, 24; On the incarnation of the Word, 7. And, this work being finished at the request of Leo, afterwards supreme Pontiff, he made an end of living in the reign of Theodosius the younger and Valentinian, as Gennadius testifies in the book On Illustrious Men. All these are extant and can be read with profit, except the thirteenth conference and a few other things that are marked in the Roman edition.
Vincent of Lerins. 440
Vincent, Presbyter of the monastery of Lerins, was a contemporary of Cassian; since he testifies that he wrote a little after the Council of Ephesus, that is, three years after the Council was held. He wrote a little work small in bulk but greatest in power, On the profane novelties of words. The little book is extant and is very commonly read.
Socrates and Sozomen. 440
Socrates and Sozomen wrote Church history from the time at which the history of Eusebius of Caesarea ends up to the times of Theodosius the younger. They lived at the same time; and, what is to be regretted, both are found to have favoured the errors of the Novatians.
Sixtus the Third. 442
Pope Sixtus III sat at Rome in the time of the emperor Valentinian III. He wrote a notable letter to John of Antioch, a fragment of which is extant in the book of Vincent of Lerins. He wrote also another to all the Easterners, which is extant in the first volume of the Councils. There are extant also two in the third part of the Council of Ephesus, Roman edition. There is extant besides in the Library of the Holy Fathers, volume 5, second edition, under the name of Pope Sixtus III, a book on riches, another on chastity, and a letter on evil teachers; which three volumes are falsely ascribed to Pope Sixtus, since they are full of the errors of the Pelagians. For Sixtus, while still a Presbyter, was the first to condemn Pelagius; whence is Augustine's letter 105 [as printed] to Sixtus; and afterwards he pursued the Pelagians with great zeal, as Prosper testifies.
Isidore of Pelusium. 442
Isidore of Pelusium, a most learned Monk, flourished in the time of Theodosius the younger, to whom his letter is extant in Cardinal Baronius, Annals volume 5, at the year of the Lord 431. He wrote very many letters, which you have printed in Greek and Latin at Paris by the work of Billy in the year 1585 [“4585” printed].
St. Peter Chrysologus. 440
St. Peter Chrysologus, Bishop of Ravenna, created Bishop by Pope Sixtus III, wrote 122 [176?] homilies, short but eloquent. He wrote also a notable letter to Eutyches the heresiarch, exhorting him to show obedience to St. Leo, above all in matters of faith. “We exhort you,” he says, “to attend obediently to what has been written by the most blessed Pope of the Roman city; for blessed Peter, who lives and presides in his own see, gives the truth of faith to those who seek it.” Another letter is found among the letters that go before the Council of Chalcedon.
Pope St. Leo. 440
St. Leo the first, Pope, rightly called the great, sat in the Apostolic see in the time of the emperors Theodosius the younger, Marcian and Leo, from the year of the Lord 440 to 461. He wrote most eloquent homilies on the chief solemnities of the Lord and of the saints, and also letters to various persons on most weighty matters, ninety-eight in number. Of these, the one to Flavian which begins “Having read your affectionate letter” was received with great veneration in the Synod of Chalcedon, act 4, by each and all of the Fathers; and Pope Gelasius, in the decree on the books of the Doctors, says anathema to those who do not receive this Letter of St. Leo whole, to a single iota. The book On the conflict of virtues and vices is wont to be attributed to St. Leo; but (as we said above under Augustine) that book cannot be St. Leo's, since mention is made in it of the rule of St. Benedict.
St. Nilus. 445
St. Nilus, a Monk of Constantinople, a disciple of St. John Chrysostom, lived in the time of Theodosius the younger, and wrote much on the instruction of Monks, as Nicephorus relates, History book 14, chapter 53 [54?]. Now there are extant in the Library of the Holy Fathers, volume 5, second edition, the chapters of exhortation; likewise the ascetic book; likewise against the vices; likewise a hundred and forty-eight [153?] chapters On Prayer. There is extant also separately the book of St. Nilus On Christian philosophy, by which name he means the monastic life. Letters of Nilus are also cited in the seventh Synod, act 4; but certain places are said to have been corrupted by Heretics.
St. Simeon Stylites. 457
St. Simeon, surnamed the stylite because he stood on a pillar 81 [as printed] years, flourished in the time of the emperor Leo. He wrote a book on constantly thinking of death, which is extant in the Library of the Holy Fathers, second edition, volume 2. The same wrote letters for the Council of Chalcedon; whether they are extant I do not know, but Cardinal Baronius mentions them, Annals volume 5, at the year of the Lord 458. There was also another Simeon Stylites the younger, in the time of the emperor Justinian, one of whose letters is recited in the fifth act of the second Council of Nicaea; on whom see Evagrius, History book 6, chapter 22 [23?].
Hilary of Arles. 458
Hilary, Bishop of Arles, lived in the time of Pope St. Leo, to whom he wrote in heroic verse the history of Genesis up to the seventh chapter. He is said besides to have written a letter to St. Augustine on predestination, on the occasion of which St. Augustine wrote the books On the predestination of the saints and On the good of perseverance. But that letter does not seem to be this Hilary's, but some other's. For St. Prosper, in the letter which he wrote with Hilary to St. Augustine on the same matter, says that Hilary of Arles was then Bishop; and yet this Hilary who writes to Augustine shows that he was then a layman; which is confirmed also from the first chapter of the book On the predestination of the saints, where Augustine calls Prosper and Hilary his sons; which he certainly would not do if this Hilary had been Bishop of Arles. He wrote lastly the life of St. Honoratus his predecessor and some other short little works, on the witness of Gennadius in the book On Illustrious Men. But he wrote the works above before his episcopate; for in the episcopate he is blamed for excessive pride by Pope St. Leo in the letter to the Bishops of the province of Vienne; yet afterwards he came to his senses, and, famous for many virtues, rested in a holy end.
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De Theodoreto episcopo Syrise. 430. Theodoretus sequalis Sancti Cyrilli, et ali¬ quando etiam adversarius, ut notum est ex Concilio Ephesino. Quamvis autem Nestorio faverit initio controversise, tamen postea re¬ sipuit : et Nestorium inter haereticos nume¬ ravit in lib. iv. De fabulis haereticorum, et in Concilio Chalcedonensi admissus inter Ca¬ tholicos fuit. Opera Theodoreti ex editione Coloniensi anni 1573. duobus tomis compre¬ hensa haec sunt. Tomi primi : Dc obscuris quaestionibus in Genesim, Exo¬ dum Leviticum, Numeros, Deuteronomium, Josue, et Judices; accesserunt in librum Ituth, in libros Regum, et Paralipomenon. Commentaria in omnes Psalmos Davidis. Commentaria in Cantica Canticorum Salo¬ monis. Commentaria in omnes Prophetas excepto Isaia. Commentaria in Cantica Mosis, Anna) Haba- cuc, Isaise, Ezechiee, trium Puerorum , Virginis Mariae, Zacchariae, et Simeonis. Tomi secundi : Commentaria in omnes epistolas B. Pauli. Historia) Ecclesiasticae a Constantino usque ad Theodosium juniorem libri quinque. Addit Gennadius continuasse historiam usque ad Leonem imperatorem quinque aliis libris adjunctis : sed hi posteriores libri non exstant. Dialogorum libri tres. De haereticis fabulis, libri quatuor ; quibus addidit epitomen divinorum decretorum. AB ANNO DOM. 400. AD 500. 405 Historia sanctorum Patrum, quam religiosa vocat. De providentia, sermones decem. De curandis Grsecorum affectionibus lib. 12. Denique Epistola ad Sanctum Leonem Pa¬ pam, et altera ad Sixtum Presbyterum Romanum : et Oratio de dilectione valde insignis. , Observatio . Multo plura scripsit Theodoretus, virplane doctissimus, atque inter alia meminit Genna- dius in lib. de viris illustribus librorum Theo- doreti fortissimorum contra Eutychem et Dioscorum. Scripsit etiam nonnulla contra Sanctum Cyrillum, qum exstant inter opera Sancti Cyrilli, sed in quinta Synodo Generali damnata sunt, una cum scriptis Theodori Mopsuesteni, quem idem Theodoretus miri-« fice laudat libro quinto extremo sum hi sto- rise; exstat denique in quinta Synodo Act. 5. epistola Theodoreti ad Joannem Antioche¬ num de obitu Cyrilli : sed ea epistola, non solum falsitatis arguitur, quia constat Joan¬ nem Antiochenum obiisse ante Cyrillum, sed etiam indigna est, quee Theodoreto, aut cui¬ vis Christiano attribuatur. De Proclo Episcopo C ons t.ant impolita no . 430 . Proclus Episcopus Constantinopolitanus Sancti Cyrilli aequalis, cujus magno cum ho¬ nore meminit idenl Sanctus Cyrillus in expo¬ sitione symboli Nicseni, et in epist. 31. ad Joannem Antiochenum scripsit epistolam valde celebrem de fide ad Armenos, quse exstat in bibliotheca sanctorum Patrum, tomo m. et nuper excusa est Graece et La¬ tine, in primo tomo Conciliorum Generalium Romae typis mandatorum : et fragmentum inde recitatur in quinta Synodo generali, Act. v.; scripsit etiam de traditione divinae liturgiae. Vide de Proclo, quae scribit Socra- . tes lib. vn. cap. 40. 41 et 42. De Eusebio Emeseno. 430. Eusebii Emeseni nomine circumferuntur homiliae in Evangelia totius anni, et rursus homiliae quinquaginta variorum argumento¬ rum disertissimae. Eusebii Emeseni cujusdam meminit Sanctus Hieronymus in lib. de script. Eccles. quem dicit scripsisse plurimos libros, m et vixisse tempore Constantii imperatoris filii Constantini Magni. Sed illius opera non ex¬ stant, ideo non posuimus eum suo loco. Hic autem vel est alius Eusebius Emesenus un¬ decumque hoc nomen acceperit, vel sub no¬ mine supposititio homiliae istae sunt editae, cum verus auctor ignoraretur. Neque viden¬ tur homiliae illae breves in omnia Evangelia eiusdem esse auctoris cujus sunt quinqua¬ ginta homiliae de variis argumentis : stylus enim valde diversus est. Illud certum est auctorem quinquaginta homiliarum, fuisse Latinum, et Monachum in Monasterio Lirinensi : nam homilia quinta ad Monachos indicat, se fuisse Abbatem mo¬ nasterii in Insula constituti. Idem homilia de Sancto Maximo, eam insulam Lirinensem vocat. Videtur etiam ex Abbate Lirinensi factus Episcopus, ut ipse subindicat in ho¬ milia de Sancta Blandina. Disputat etiam contra Pelagianos in homilia de feria quinta in ccena Domini : unde manife¬ stum est, eum non esse Eusebium Eme- senum, qui floruit sub Constantio. Sunt qui has homilias tribuant Eucherio Episcopo Lugdunensi ; nec desunt qui auctorem nomi¬ nent Cmsarium Arelatensem ; vidi unam ex bis homiliis praenotatam nomine Fausti Episcopi Rhegiensis : neque est improba¬ bile, esse omnes ejusdem Fausti qui Abbas fuit monasterii Lirinensis, et ex Abbate Epi¬ scopus creatus, teste Gennadio in libro de viris illustribus. Non definio, cujus sint, sed hoc loco pla-v cuit auctorem earum homiliarum constitue¬ re, quoniam sive sit Eucherius, sive Fau¬ stus, sive etiam Csesarius, ante hoc tempus non vixit. De Sancto Eucherio Episcopo Lugdunensi . 440. Sanctus Eucherius Episcopus Lugdunen¬ sis vixit temporibus Theodosii junioris, et Valentiniani : sub Valentiniano et Martiano imperatoribus obiit circa annum Domini 433. ut scribunt Gennadius, de viris Illustri¬ bus, et A do Viennensis, in Chronico. Existimat tamen Card. Baronius tomo v. Annalium, hos auctores falli, et Eucherium vixisse ultra annum Domini 463. quia invenitur Eucherii nomen in subscriptionibusEpiscoporumCon- cilii Arausicani secundi, et Arelatensis tertii. Sed ego suspicor pervenisse etiam ad annum 499. Nam in vita sancti Csesarii Episcopi 406 DE SCRIPTORIBUS ECCLESIASTICIS Arelatensis dicitur Eueherius EpiscopusLug- dunensis aliquando iter fecisse cum ipso Cae- sario Arelatensi : Csesarium autem fuisse in vivis tempore Symmachi Papae, qui sedere coepit anno 499. aperte constat ex eadem vita Sancti Caesarii, apud Surium, die 27 Augusti. Itaque vel oportet librum Gennadii esse corruptum, vel fuisse duos Eucherios Lugdunenses Episcopos. Sed quicquid de hoc sit, scripsit S. Eu- cherius varia opuscula, quae Gennadius enu¬ merat, nec satis novi an adhuc exstent. Scri¬ psit etiam teste Claudiano Episcopo Vien¬ nensi in lib. de statu animae, eloquentissimas conciones, quae fortasse sunt, illae quae sub nomine Eusebii Emeseni nunc exstant. Tri¬ buuntur Eucherio libri explanationum in Genesim, et in libros Regum. Sed Eucherii esse non possunt, cum auctor saepe Sanctum Gregorium citet, et ad finem expositionis * libri primi Regum lectorem invitet ad mora¬ lia Sancti Gregorii perlegenda : Sanctus au¬ tem Gregorius plus centum annis fuerit Eu¬ cherio posterior. Fortasse qui hos libros Eucherio tribuerunt, ex eo permoti sunt, quod Gennadius testatur scripsisse Euche- rium ad Salonium, et Uranium, de obscuris sanctarum Scripturarum capitulis. Porro auctor hujus operis in Genesim, et in libros Regum, videtur fuisse Angelus : nam in tertio libro Commentariorum in li¬ bros Regum cap. xxii, sic loquitur : « Nostris, inquit, nuper temporibus Sanctus Grego- •rius Papa Evangelicis roboratus eloquiis Romanam rexit Ecclesiam, et Reverendis¬ simi Patres Augustinus, Paulus, et alii socii eorum jubente illo venerunt in Britanni¬ am, etc. » Atque ab hoc auctore multa iis¬ dem pene verbis descripsit Beda in suis quaestionibus super libros Regum. De Claudiano Episcopo Viennensi. 440. Claudianus Mamertus Episcopus Viennen¬ sis aequalis Sancti Eucherii: scripsit insigne opus de statu animae, in quo Eucherii men¬ tionem facit, ut supra diximus. Habetur hoc opus tribus libris comprehensum in biblio¬ theca sanctorum Patrum tomo quarto. De Sidonio A pollinari. 440. Sidonius Apollinaris vir nobilissimus eo¬ dem tempore floruit. Fuit autem Episcopus Arvernensis. Scripsit varia opera soluta ora¬ tione, et carmine, ut Gennadius refert in libro de viris illustribus. Nunc exstant libri epistolarum ejus ad diversos, et carmina ejusdem simul edita. De Joanne Cassiano. 440. Joannes Cassianus Sancti Joannis Chry- sostomi olim Diaconus, et postea ad Galbas accedens, ibique sedem figens apud Massi¬ liam Presbyter ordinatus, scripsit Latino idiomate. De habitu Monachorum, et de canonico orationum et Psalmorum modo lib. 3 Institutionum, 1 De origine, et remedio octo princi¬ palium vitiorum , 8 Collationes Patrum 24 De incarnatione Verbi , 7 Et hoc opere expleto ad petitionem Leo¬ nis, postea summi Pontificis, finem vivendi fecit Theodosio juniore et Valentiniano reg¬ nantibus, ut testatur Gennadius in libro de viris illustribus. Haec omnia exstant, et uti¬ liter legi possunt, excepta collatione tertia decima, et paucis aliis quse in editione Ro¬ mana notata sunt. De V incentio Lirinensi. 440. Vincentius monasterii Lirinensis Presby¬ ter aequalis Cassiani fuit, quippe qui paulo post Concilium Ephesinum se scripsisse te¬ statur, id est, tribus annis post Concilium celebratum. Scripsit opusculum parvum mole, sed virtute maximum, de prophanis vocum novitatibus. Libellus exstat, et usi- tissime legitur. De Locrote , et Sozomeno. 440. Socrates et Sozomenus historiam Eccle¬ siasticam scripserunt ab eo tempore in quo desinit historia Eusebii Caesariensis, usque ad tempora Theodosii junioris. Eodem tem¬ pore ipsi vixerunt, et quod dolendum est, uterque Novatianis erroribus favisse digno¬ scitur. De Sixto tertio. 442. Sixtus III. Papa sedit Romae tempore Va¬ lentiniani tertii imperatoris. Scripsit insig¬ nem epistolam ad Joannem Antiochenum : cujus fragmentum exstat in libro Vincentii AB ANNO DOM. 400. AD 500. 407 .irinensis. Scripsit etiam alteram ad omnes Orientales, quse exstat in tomo primo Conci- orum. Exstant etiam duae in tertia parte loncilii Ephesini. editionis Romse. Exstat raeterea in bibliotheca sanctorum Patrum omo quinto secundae editionis sub nomine ixti tertii Pontificis liber de divitiis : et al¬ ar de castitate, et epistola de malis docto- ibus : quae tria volumina falso adscribuntur ■fixto Pontifici, cum sint plena erroribus Pelagianorum. Sixtus enim , cum adhuc 'resbyter esset, primus damnavit Pelagium, nde est epistola 405. Augustini ad Sixtum : c deinde magno zelo Pelagianos insecutus st, ut testatur Prosper. De Isodoro Pelusiota. 442. Isidorus Pelusiota Monachus doctissimus oruit tempore Theodosii junioris, ad quem xstat ejus epistola apud Card. Baronium omo quinto Annalium ad annum Dom. 431. cripsit epistolas plurimas, quas Graece et atine impressas habes Parisiis opera Bilbi nno 4585. De S. Petro Chrysologo. 440. Sanctus Petrus Chrysologus Episcopus lavennas a Sixto III Papa Episcopus crea- is scripsit homihas 122. breves, sed diser- is. Scripsit etiam insignem epistolam ad iutychetem haeresiarcham, exhortans filum d obedientiam Sancto Leoni praestandam i materia fidei potissimum. « Hortamur, lquit, te, ut iis, quae a beatissimo Papa omanae civitatis scripta sunt, obedienter ttendas : quoniam B. Petrus, qui in pro- ria sede vivit, et praesidet, praestat quae- entibus fidei veritatem » . HaLbetur alia epi- ;ola, inter epistolas quae praecedunt Chalce- onense Concilium. De Sancto Leone Papa. 440. Sanctus Leo primus Papa, jure magnus ppellatus, sedit in Apostolica sede tempore heodosii junioris, Martiani, et Leonis imp. nno Dom. 440, usque ad 461. Scripsit ho- lilias eloquentissimas de praecipuis solem- itatibus Domini, et sanctorum, necnon pistolas ad diversos de rebus gravissimis umero nonaginta octo. Ex quibus illa ad lavianum, quae incipit : « Lectis dilectionis iae litteris », magna veneratione recepta fuit in Synodo Cbalcedonensi Act iv. ab omnibus, et singulis Patribus : et Gelasius Papa in decreto de libris Doctorum, dicit anathema iis, qui Epistolam hanc Samcti Leonis integram, et usque ad unum iota non recipiunt. Tribui solet Sancto Leoni liber de con¬ flictu virtutum, et vitiorum. Sed (ut supra in Augustino diximus) S. Leonis is liber esse non potest cum in eo fiat mentio regulae S. Benedicti. De Sancto Nilo. 445. Sanctus Nilus, Constantinopobtanus Mo¬ nachus, S. Joannis Cbrysostomi discipulus, vixit tempore Theodosii junioris, et multa scripsit de institutione Monachorum, ut re¬ fert Nicephorus bb. hist. xiv. cap. 53. Nunc exstant in Bibbotb. SS. Patrum tomo quinto edit. 2. capita paraenetica : item asceticus : item adversus vitia : item de Oratione cen¬ tum quadraginta octo capita. Exstant etiam separatim liber S. Nili de Christiana philo¬ sophia, quo nomine monasticem significat. Citantur etiam epistolae Nih in septima Sy¬ nodo, Act. iv. Sed loci quidam ab Haereticis depravati esse dicuntur. De Sancto Simeone Stylita. 457. Sanctus Simeon, cognomento styhta, quia stetit in columna annis 81, floruit tempore S. Leonis imperatoris. Scripsit bbrum de morte assidue cogitanda, qui exstat in bi- bhotheca sanctorum Patrum, secundae edi¬ tionis tomo secundo. Idem scripsit epistolas pro Concilio Chalcedonensi ; quae an exstent, ignoro : sed earum meminit Card. Baronius tomo quinto Annahum ad annum Dom. 458. Fuit etiam abus Simeon Styhta junior, tem¬ pore Justiniani imp. cujus una epistola reci¬ tatur actione quinta Concilii Nicaeni secundi : de quo vide Evagrium lib. vi. Historiae cap. 22. De Hilario Arelatensi. 458. Hilarius Arelatensis Episcopus vixit tem¬ pore S. Leonis Papa : ad quem scripsit he¬ roico carmine historiam Geneseos usque ad septimum caput. Scripsisse dicitur praeterea epistolam unam ad Sanctum Augustinum, de praedestinatione : cujus occasione San¬ ctus Augustinus scripsit libros de praedesti- 408 DE SCRIPTORIBUS ECCLESIASTICIS natione sanctorum, et de bono perseveran¬ tiae. Sed ea epistola non videtur esse hujus Hi- larii, sed alicujus alterius : nam sanctus Prosper, in epistola quam scripsit cum Hila- rio ad Sanctum Augustinum de eadem re, dicit, Hilarium Arelatensem tunc fuisse Episcopum : et tamen iste Hilarius, qui scri¬ bit ad Augustinum, significat, se tunc fuisse laicum ; quod etiam confirmatur ex primo capite libri de praedest. sanctorum, ubi Au¬ gustinus vocat Filios, Prosperum et Hila¬ rium : quod certe non faceret si hic Hilarius Episcopus Arelatensis fuisset. Scripsit denique vitam S. Honorati deces¬ soris sui et aliqua alia brevia opuscula teste Gennadio in libro de viris illustribus . Sed opera superiora scripsit ante Episcopatum : in Episcopatu enim ob nimiam superbiam reprehenditur a Sancto Leone Papa in epi¬ stola ad Episcopos per Viennensem provin¬ ciam constitutos : postea tamen resipuit, et multis virtutibus clarus sancto fine quie¬ vit.