Bellarmine · De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis · On the Ecclesiastical Writers

Chapter 35: The Fourteenth Century: Joannes Andreae, Suso, Cabasilas, FitzRalph, Petrarch, Tauler, Ruysbroeck, Baldus

Our translation, from the Latin of the Opera Omnia (Paris: Vivès, 1870–74), vol. XII, De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis, of the New Testament, fourteenth century. The Latin source text is public domain; this English rendering is released with the site. Scripture quotations follow Bellarmine's Vulgate citations, rendered in Douay-Rheims wording where he quotes exactly. Click “Show the Latin” for the original (raw OCR of the scan; scanning errors remain — the scan itself is the authority).

Joannes Andreae. 1330

Joannes Andreae of Bologna, a most learned Jurist, flourished in the time of Pope John XXII, but died in the year 1348. He wrote on the five books of the decretals, which work he called the Novels. He wrote also glosses on the Sext and the Clementines; he added too to the mirror of William Durand.

Bartholomew of Pisa. 1335

Bartholomew of Pisa, of the Order of Preachers, published a summa which is called the Pisanella, which Angelo of Chivasso imitated.

Joannes Calderinus. 1340

Joannes Calderinus of Bologna, the adopted son of Joannes Andreae, wrote on the books of the Decretals; likewise counsels and decisions.

John Baconthorpe. 1340

John of Baconthorpe, an Englishman, of the Carmelite Order, Prior Provincial, a most learned Theologian and Philosopher, flourished in the time of the Pontiff Clement VI, and is said to have died in the year 1346. He wrote commentaries on the four [books] of the Master of the sentences, a compendium of the law of Christ, and quodlibets, which are extant printed. He is said to have written very much else, which I have not seen.

Albericus. 1341

Albericus de Rosate of Bergamo wrote on the Sext of the decretals.

Simon of Cascia. 1340

Simon of Cascia, a Hernican by nation [of Umbria], a religious of the Order of St. Augustine, very pious, lived at the same time as John of Baconthorpe, and died at Florence in the year of the Lord 1348. He wrote fifteen books on the deeds of the Lord Saviour. He wrote also a book On the mirror of the Cross; a book of letters to various persons. He wrote too in the Italian tongue two books On the Christian life, and an exposition of the Apostles' creed.

Henry Suso

Henry Suso, a German by nation, of the Order of St. Dominic, was a most pious and most devout man. He wrote the Clock of wisdom; the book On the nine rocks; Meditations on the Lord's Passion, and other things. He was living in the year 1340.

Robert Holcot. 1349

Robert Holcot, an Englishman by nation, a Dominican by profession, wrote 213 lectures on the book of Wisdom; likewise a lecture on the Canticle of Canticles and on the first seven chapters of Ecclesiasticus. He wrote also commentaries on the four books of the Master of the sentences, and certain other things. He flourished about the year of the Lord 1349.

Thomas of Strasbourg. 1350

Thomas of Strasbourg, a German by nation, Prior general of the Order of St. Augustine, lived in the time of Clement VI, and died at Vienna in the year 1357. He wrote commentaries on the books of the Master of the Sentences. He wrote also solutions of questions from the sacred Scriptures; Sermons and Letters, and a book of meditations.

Nicholas Cabasilas. 1350

Nicholas Cabasilas, a Greek, lived in the time of the emperor, or rather tyrant, John Cantacuzenus. He was a very learned man, and Archbishop of Thessalonica [as printed], but a schismatic. He wrote six volumes On the life in Christ, which were printed in Latin at Ingolstadt. There are extant also books On three Sacraments, Baptism, Unction and the Eucharist, printed at the same place. There is extant the explanation of the Liturgy in Bigné's Library of the Fathers, volume 6, second edition, from which chapters 29 and 30 should be struck out altogether, or read most cautiously. Lastly, besides much else, he wrote on the procession of the Holy Spirit against the Latins, where he openly shows himself an enemy of the Church. But I have not seen this book printed.

Gregory of Rimini. 1350

Gregory of Rimini was a contemporary of Thomas of Strasbourg, and Prior general of the same Order of St. Augustine. He wrote a Commentary on the first and second book of the Master of the sentences. He wrote also on the Letters of St. Paul and on the letter of St. James.

Richard of Armagh. 1350

Richard FitzRalph, Archbishop of Armagh, lived in the time of the Pontiff Innocent VI, and died in the year 1360 [“1559” printed]. He wrote nineteen books against the errors of the Armenians.

Note. This author is to be read very cautiously, especially book 10 against the Armenians, chapter 4, and chapters 23 and 24, and book 11, chapter 4, and the first and fourth sermon; in which places he has many errors about the power of Presbyters, the poverty of Christ, and the state of the Mendicant religious. Let the reader consult Thomas of Walden, who diligently refutes the errors of Armachanus and of John Wyclif, who took some things from Armachanus; let him consult also, if he pleases, what we wrote in the book On Monks, chapters 45 and 46.

Francis Petrarch. 1350

Francis Petrarch, a Florentine by birth [of Arezzo, of Florentine parents], Archdeacon of Parma and Canon of Padua, once played in most elegant Italian verses with his loves for Laura, whether true or feigned, to have matter for exercising his Muse; but, led by penance, he wept for the time spent in those little songs, and, placed in solitude, led a life worthy of a Christian and pious man, and wrote many weighty and useful works, and at last died piously and holily in the year of the Lord 1374, in the 70th year of his age. His works are contained in four volumes.

In the first volume are: On the remedies of both fortunes, 2 books; On the solitary life, 2; On the leisure of Religious, 2; On true wisdom, dialogues, 2; On contempt of the world, dialogues, 3; seven penitential psalms in imitation of David; On governing the commonwealth best, 1 book; On the office and virtues of the emperor, 1 book; Of memorable things, 4 books; an Epitome of the lives of illustrious men; the Exhortation on pacifying Italy; the Oration to the old defenders of the Roman commonwealth; the hortatory Oration on seizing liberty, to Cola di Rienzo; On obedience and wifely faith; On avoiding avarice; the Syrian Itinerary. In the second volume are: Familiar letters, 8 books; Letters to certain famous men of old, 1; Letters without title, 1; Letters of old age, 16; Various letters, 1; On his own and many others' ignorance, 1; the invective of an anonymous Gaul against Petrarch; Petrarch's Apology against the Gaul; Invectives against a certain physician, 4 books. In the third volume are: eight letters On taking the Laurel; the Privilege of the Laurel received; twelve Eclogues; the Africa, or poems on the Punic war, 9 books; Letters written in verse, 3; the Testament of Petrarch. In the fourth volume are the Italian poems.

Nicholas of Gorran. 1350

Nicholas of Gorran, a Gaul by nation, of the Order of Preachers, was living in the year of the Lord 1350 [as printed]. He wrote commentaries on the Pentateuch; on the Psalms; on the Canticles; on Ecclesiastes; on Ecclesiasticus; likewise on Jeremias; on the Gospels; on the Letters of St. Paul; on the Canonical Letters; on the Apocalypse; lastly also on the books of the sentences of the Master.

Alfonso Vargas. 1359

Alfonso Vargas, a Spaniard, Archbishop of Seville, died in the year 1359 [1366]. He wrote on the first of the Sentences and on the books On the soul, which were printed at Venice in the year 1566.

John Tauler. 1350

John Tauler, a German by nation, of the Order of St. Dominic, a notable and most pious preacher, wrote: Sermons on the perfection of the inner life; a Treatise on the virtues; Letters to various persons; spiritual Canticles; On the nine degrees of Christian perfection; the Mirror and pattern of our Lord Jesus Christ; Exercises on the life and Passion of Christ. He lived about the years of the Lord 1350. Further, John Eck despised this man as suspect in faith; but Louis de Blois defended him excellently.

Manuel Calecas. 1375

Manuel Calecas, a Greek, a learned man, wrote a book against the errors of the Greeks, for the Latins, which Ambrose of Camaldoli [Traversari] turned into the Latin tongue by order of the Pontiff Martin the fifth, and divided into four books. This author seems to have lived after the schism of Urban VI and Clement VII and before the schism of Eugene IV and Felix V; for in book 4 of his work he writes that the Roman Church in his time was governed by two Pontiffs, where he seems to speak of that long schism of Urban VI and Clement VII; since in the same book he mentions the Council of Lyons under Gregory X, and from the time of that Council there was no famous schism except the schism of Urban and Clement; for that which the emperor Louis stirred up between John XXII [“XXI” printed] and Nicholas V was very short. So it is false, what some say, that Calecas was present at the Council under Gregory X.

Henry of Hesse. 1380

Henry of Hesse, a Carthusian, wrote: on the Master of the Sentences; on Genesis; on Exodus; on the Proverbs of Solomon; on the Apocalypse of St. John; a Dialogue between a Bishop and a Presbyter; various Sermons; Rules for discerning mortal from venial sin. Of his death writers vary; some will have it that he died in the year 1317 [as printed], others 1397, others 1428.

John Ruysbroeck. 1380

John Ruysbroeck, a Belgian by nation, Prior of the Monastery of Groenendael, a man most given to divine contemplation, wrote in his native tongue various works which, turned into the Latin tongue, were published at Cologne in the year of the Lord 1552. They are these: the Summa of the whole spiritual life; the Mirror of eternal salvation; Commentaries on the tabernacle of Moses; a Treatise on the chief virtues; a book On faith and judgement; On the four temptations; On the seven guards; On the seven degrees of love; On the spiritual espousals, 3 books. This author was living in the year of the Lord 1300 [1350?]. John Gerson too carped at this Doctor, and Denis the Carthusian defended him. For this is wont to happen to those who write on mystical theology, that their sayings are blamed by some and praised by others, because they are not taken in the same way by all.

Baldus. 1390

Baldus de Ubaldis, an Italian by nation, of Perugia by birth, a most famous Jurist, and once a hearer of Bartolus, wrote, besides what belongs to civil law, Commentaries on the books of the decretals. He died in the year of the Lord 1400 [“1420” printed].

Show the Latin (Vives edition, OCR)

De  Joanne  Andrea.  1330. 
Joannes  Andreas  Bononiensis  Jureconsul¬ 
tus  doctissimus  floruit  tempore  Joannis 
XXII.  Papae,  sed  obiit  anno  1348.  Scripsit 
in  quinque  libros  decretalium,  quod  opus  No¬ 
vellas  appellavit.  Scripsit  etiam  glossas  in 
sextum,  et  Clementinas,  addidit  quoque  ad 
speculum  Gulielmi  Durantis. 
Le  Bartholomxo  Pisano.  1335. 
Bartholomaeus  Pisanus  ordinis  Praedica¬ 
torum  edidit  summam,  quae  dicitur  Pisanel- 
la,  quam  imitatus  est  Angelus  de  Clavasio. 
De  Joanne  Calderino  1340. 
Joannes  Calderinus  Bononiensis  filius 
adoptivus  Joannis  Andraee,  scripsit  in  libros 
Decretalium.  Item  consilia,  et  decisiones. 
De  Joanne  de  Baccone.  1340. 
Joannes  de  Baccone  Anglus,  et  Ordinis 
Carmelitarura,  Prior  Provincialis,  Theolo¬ 
gus,  et  Philosophus  doctissimus,  floruit  tem¬ 
pore  Clementis  VI.  Pontificis,  et  obiisse  di¬ 
citur  anno  1346.  Scripsit  commentaria  in 
quatuor  Magistri  sententiarum;  compendi¬ 
um  legis  Christi;  et  quodlibeta,  quae  typis 
excusa  exstant.  Alia  permulta  scripsisse  di¬ 
citur,  quae  non  vidi. 
De  Alberico.  1341. 
Albericus  Roxiatus  Bergomensis,  scripsit 
in  sextum  decretalium. 
De  Simone  de  Cassia.  1340. 
Simon  de  Cassia,  natione  Hernicus,  reli¬ 
giosus  Ordinis  sancti  Augustini,  admodum 
pius,  vixit  ecdem  tempore  quo  Joannes  de 
Baccone  et  obiit  Florentiae  anno  Domini 
1348. 
Scripsit  libros  quindecim  de  rebus  gestis 
Domini  salvatoris. 
Scripsit  etiam  librum  de  speculo  Crucis. 
Librum  epistolarum  ad  diversos. 
Scripsit  quoque  lingua  Italica  libros  duos 
de  vita  Christiana,  et  expositionem  symboli 
Apostolici. 
De  Henrico  Susone. 
Henricus  Suso  natione  Germanus,  ordinis 
Sancti  Dominici,  vir  luit  piissimus,  et  devo¬ 
tissimus. 
Scripsit  horologium  sapientiae. 
Librum  de  novem  rupibus. 
Meditationes  de  Passione  Domini,  et  alia. 
Vivebat  anno  1340. 
De  Roberto  Holkoth.  1349. 
Robertus  Holkoth,  natione  Anglus,  pro¬ 
fessione  Dominicanus,  scripsit  in  librum  Sa¬ 
pientiae  lectiones  213. 
Item  lecturam  in  Cantica  canticorum  :  et 
in  septem  priora  capita  Ecclesiastici. 
Scripsit  etiam  commentaria  in  quatuor  li¬ 
bros  Magistri  sententiarum, et  alia  quaedam. 
Floruit  circa  annum  Dom.  1349. 
De  Thoma  Argentinensi.  1350. 
Thomas  deArgentina,  natione  Germanus, 
ordinis  Sancti  Augustini  Prior  generalis,  vi¬ 
xit  tempore  Clementis  VI.  et  obiit  Viennae  an¬ 
no  1357. 
Scripsit  commentaria  in  Magistri  Senten¬ 
tiarum  libros. 
Scripsit  etiam  quaestionum  e  sacris  Scri¬ 
pturis  solutiones. 
AB  ANNG  DOM.  1300.  AD  1400. 
489 
Sermones,  et  Epistolas,  et  librum  medi¬ 
tationum. 
r 
De  Nicolao  Cabasila.  1350. 
Nicolaus  Cabasilas  Grsecus,  vixit  tempore 
J.  Cantacuzeni  imperatoris, vel  potius  tyran¬ 
ni.  Fuit  vir  valde  doctus,  et  Archiepiscopus 
Thessalonicensis,  sed  schismaticus.  Scripsit 
tomos  sex  de  vita  in  Christo,  qui  Latine  im¬ 
pressi  sunt  Ingostadii.  Exstant  etiam  libri 
de  tribus  Sacramentis,  Baptismo,  Unctione, 
et  Eucharistia,  impressi  ibidem.  Exstat  ex¬ 
plicatio  Liturgise  apud  Bignaeum  in  Biblio¬ 
theca  Patrum  tomo  vi.  edit.  2.  ex  qua  ca¬ 
put.  29  et  30.  omnino  expungenda  essent, 
vel  cautissime  legenda.  Denique  praeter  alia 
multa,  scripsit  de  processione  Spiritus  san¬ 
cti  contra  Latinos,  ubi  se  hostem  Ecclesiae 
aperte  demonstrat.  Sed  hunc  librum  impres¬ 
sum  non  vidi. 
De  Gregorio  Ariminensi.  1350. 
Gregorius  Ariminensis,  aequalis,  fuit  Tho- 
mae  Argentinensis,  et  ejusdem  Ordinis  S. 
Augustini  Prior  generalis. 
Scripsit  Commentarium  in  primum  et  se¬ 
cundum  librum  Magistri  sententiarum. 
Scripsit  etiam  in  Epistolas  S.  Pauli,  et  in 
epistolam  S.  Jacobi. 
De  Richardo  Armachano.  1350. 
Richardus  Radulphus ,  Archiepiscopus 
Armachanus,  vixit  tempore  Innocentii  VI 
Pontificis,  et  obiit  anno  1559. 
Scripsit  libros  novem  decem  adversus  er¬ 
rores  Armenorum. 
Observatio. 
Hic  auctor,  caute  valde  legendus  est, 
praesertim  libro  x.  contra  Armenos  cap.  4. 
et  cap.  23.  et  24.  et  lib.  xi.  cap.  4.  et  ser¬ 
mone  primo,  et  4.  in  quibus  locis  multos 
errores  habet  de  potestate  Presbyterorum, 
de  paupertate  Christi,  et  de  statu  religioso¬ 
rum  Mendicantium  :  consulat  lector  Tho- 
mam  Valdensem,  qui  errores  Armachani, 
et  Jo.  Wiclefi,  qui  ab  Armachano  aliqua 
accepit,  diligenter'  refutat  :  consulat  etiam, 
si  placet,  quae  nos  scripsimus  lib.  de  Mona¬ 
chis  cap.  45  et  '46. 
De  Francisco  Petrarcha.  1350. 
Franciscus  Petrarcha,  patria  Florentinus, 
Archidiaconus  Parmensis ,  et  Canonicus  Pa¬ 
tavinus, lusit  aliquando  elegantissimus  versi¬ 
bus  Italicis,  amores  suos  erga  Lauram,  seu 
veros,  seu  confictos,  ut  haberet  materiam 
exercendae  Musae  ;  sed  poenitentia  ductus,  et 
tempus  in  cantiunculis  illis  consumptum  de¬ 
flevit,  et  in  solitudine  positus  vitam  Christia¬ 
no  et  pio  homine  dignam  egit,  et  multa  ope¬ 
ra  gravia  atque  utilia  scripsit,  ac  tandem 
pie  sancteque  obiit  anno  Dom.  1374.  aetatis 
suae  70. 
Ejus  opera  quatuor  tomis  continentur. 
In  primo  tomo  haec  habentur  : 
De  remediis  utriusque  fortunae,  lib.  2 
De  vita  solitaria,  2 
De  otio  Religiosorum,  2 
De  vera  sapientia,  dialogi  2 
De  contemptu  mundi,  dialogi  3 
Septem  psalmi  poenitentiales  ad  imita¬ 
tionem  Davidis. 
De  rep.  optime  administranda. ‘lib.  1 
De  officio  et  virtutibus  imperatoris,  lib.  1 
Rerum  memorabilium,  lib.  4 
Epitome  vitarum  virorum  illustrium. 
De  pacificanda  Italia  exhortatio. 
Ad  veteres  Rom.  reip.  defensores  oratio 
De  libertate  capessenda  hortatoria  oratio 
ad  Nicolaum  Laurentium. 
De  obedientia,  et  fide  uxoria. 
De  avaritia  vitanda. 
Itinerarium  Syriacum. 
In  tomo  secundo  haec  sunt  : 
Epistolarum  familiarium,  lib.  8 
Epistolarum  ad  quosdam  ex  veteribus 
illustriores,  1 
Epistolarum  sine  titulo,  1 
Epistolarum  de  rebus  senilibus,  16 
Epistolarum  variarum,  1 
De  sui  ipsius,  et  multorum  ignorantia,  1 
Galli  anonymi  in  Petrarcham  invectiva. 
Apologia  Petrarchae  contra  Gallum. 
In  medicum  quemdam  invectivarum, 
lib.  4 
In  tertio  tomo  sunt : 
Epistolae  octo  de  Laurea  sumenda. 
Privilegium  Receptae  Laureae. 
460 
DE  SCRIPTORIBUS  ECCLESIASTICIS 
Eclogae  duodecim. 
Africae,  sive  de  bello  Punico  carmi¬ 
num,  lib.  9 
Epistolarum  carmine  scriptarum,  3 
Testamentum  Petrarchae. 
In  quarto  tomo  sunt  carmina  Italica. 
De  Nicolao  Gorram.  1350. 
Nicolaus  de  Gorram,  natione  Gallus,  Or¬ 
dinis  Praedicatorum,  vivebat  anno  Dom. 
1350. 
Scripsit  commentaria  in  Pentateuchum, 
In  Psalmos, 
In  Cantica, 
In  Ecclesiastem, 
In  Ecclesiasticum, 
Item  in  Hieremiam, 
In  Evangelia, 
In  Epistolas  S.  Pauli, 
In  Epistolas  Canonicas, 
In  Apocalypsim. 
Denique  etiam  in  libros  sententiarum  Ma¬ 
gistri. 
De  Alphonso  Vargas.  1359. 
Alphonsus  Yargas  Hispanus ,  Archiepi- 
scopus  Hispalensis,  obiit  anno  1359.  Scripsit 
in  primum  Sententiarum,  et  in  libros  de 
anima  :  quae  impressa  sunt  Yenetiis  anno 
1566. 
De  Joanne  Taulero.  1350. 
Joannes  Taulerus  natione  Germanus,  or¬ 
dinis  sancti  Dominici,  concionator  insignis, 
et  piissimus,  scripsit  : 
Sermones  de  perfectione  vitae  interioris  : 
Tractatus  de  virtutibus. 
Epistolas  ad  diversos. 
Cantica  spiritualia. 
De  novem  gradibus  Christianae  perfectio¬ 
nis. 
Speculum  et  exemplar  Domini  nostri  Jesu 
Christi. 
Exercitia  de  vita  et  Passione  Christi. 
Vixit  circa  annos  Domini  1350. 
Porro  hunc  virum,  ut  suspectum  circa  fi¬ 
dem,  contempsit  Joannes  Eckius;  sed  egre¬ 
gie  eum  defendit  Ludovicus  Blosius. 
De  Manuele  Caleca.  1375. 
ManuelCaleca,  Graecus,  vir  doctus,  scripsit 
librum  contra  errores  Graecorum  pro  latinis, 
quem  vertit  in  Latinum  idioma  Ambrosius 
Camaldulensis,  jussu  Martini  quinti  Pontifi¬ 
cis  :  et  eum  in  libros  quatuor  partitus  est. 
Vixisse  videtur  hic  auctor  post  schisma  Ur¬ 
bani  YI  et  Clementis  YI1  et  ante  schisma 
Eugenii  IV  et  Felicis  V  nam  libro  iv.  sui  ope¬ 
ris  scribit,  Romanam  Ecclesiam  suo  tempore 
gubernatam  fuisse  a  duobus  Pontificibus, 
ubi  videtur  loqui  de  schismate  illo  diuturno 
Urbani  VI  et  Clementis  VII,  siqui  dem  in  eo¬ 
dem  libro  meminit  Concilii  Lugdunensis  sub 
Gregorio  X  a  tempore  autem  illius  Concilii 
non  fuit  chisma  celebre,  nisi  schisma  Urbani 
et  Clementis  :  quod  enim  excitavit  Ludovi¬ 
cus  imper.  inter  Joannem  XXI  et  Nicolaum  V 
brevissimum  fuit.  Itaque  falsum  est  quod 
quidam  dicunt,  interfuisse  Calecam  in  Con¬ 
cilio  sub  Gregorio  X. 
De  Henrico  de  Hassia  1380. 
Henricus  de  Hassia  Carthusianus  scripsit  : 
In  Magistrum  Sententiarum. 
In  Genesim. 
In  Exodum. 
In  Proverbia  Salomonis. 
In  Apocalypsim  S.  Joannis. 
Dialogum  inter  Episcopum,  et  Presbyte¬ 
rum. 
Sermones  varios. 
Regulas  ad  discernendum  peccatum  le- 
thale  a  veniali. 
De  obitu  ejus  variant  scriptores.  Alii  vo¬ 
lunt  obiisse  anno  1317.,  alii  1397.,  alii  1428. 
De  Joanne  Rusbrochio  1380. 
Joannes  Rusbrochius,  natione  Belga,  Prior 
Monasterii  Vallis  Viridis,  vir  divinae  contem¬ 
plationi  addictissimus,  scripsit  lingua  sua 
patria,  varia  opera,  quae  in  Latinam  lin¬ 
guam  conversa,  edita  sunt  Coloniae  anno 
Dom.  1552. 
Sunt  autem  haec  : 
Summa  totius  vitae  spiritualis. 
Speculum  salutis  aeternae. 
Commentaria  in  tabernaculum  Mosis, 
Tractatus  de  praecipiis  virtutibus. 
Liber  de  fide,  et  judicio. 
De  quatuor  tentationibus. 
De  septem  custodiis. 
De  septem  gradibus  amoris, 
AB  ANNO  DOM.  1400.  AD  1500. 
4*31 
De  nuptiis  spiritualibus  libri  3. 
Vivebat  hic  auctor  anno  Domini  1300. 
Hunc  etiam  Doctorem  carpsit  Jo.  Gerson, 
et  defendit  Dionysius  Carthusianus.  Id  enim 
accidere  solet  iis  qui  scribunt  de  mystica 
theologia,  ut  eorum  dicta  ab  aliis  reprehen¬ 
duntur,  ab  aliis  laudentur,  quia  non  eodem 
modo  ab  omnibus  accipiuntur. 
De  Baldo.  1390. 
Baldus  Ubaleus,  natione  Italus,  patria  Pe¬ 
rusinus  celeberrimus  Jureconsultus,  ac  Bar- 
toli  quodam  auditor. 
Scripsit  praeter  ea  quae  ad  jus  civile 
pertinent, 
Commentaria  in  libros  decretalium. 
Obiit  anno  Domini  1420.

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