Bellarmine · De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis · On the Ecclesiastical Writers
Chapter 26: The Eleventh Century: Anselm of Canterbury, Anselm of Laon, the Micrologus, Oecumenius, Bruno, Ivo of Chartres
Our translation, from the Latin of the Opera Omnia (Paris: Vivès, 1870–74), vol. XII, De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis, of the New Testament, eleventh century. The Latin source text is public domain; this English rendering is released with the site. Scripture quotations follow Bellarmine's Vulgate citations, rendered in Douay-Rheims wording where he quotes exactly. Click “Show the Latin” for the original (raw OCR of the scan; scanning errors remain — the scan itself is the authority).
St. Anselm of Canterbury. 1081
St. Anselm was made Archbishop of Canterbury in the year of the Lord 1093, in the time of Pope Urban the second and of the emperor Henry the third, otherwise the fourth. He was a man Italian by nation, a Monk by profession, of most keen mind, and of wonderful holiness joined with the greatest prudence and humility; the disciple and successor of Lanfranc, of whom we spoke a little before. His life, faithfully written by Eadmer, is extant in Surius on the 21st of April. He died happily in the 76th year of his age, of salvation 1109; unless there is an error in the figures and it should be written 1106 [as printed]; for he lived thirteen years in the episcopate, and had been created Bishop in the year of the Lord 1093; all of which is clear from Eadmer himself. He wrote many works, but many more are falsely attributed to him. I shall write here first those which Eadmer his friend noted, and in the very order in which Eadmer relates they were written by Anselm.
First, then, he wrote three books: On truth, 1; On free will, 1; On the fall of the Devil, 1. Then he wrote three others: the Monologion, 1 book; On the grammarian, 1; the Proslogion, 1. A little after he wrote an answer to a certain critic of his, with the criticism itself set first; these books are entitled “For the fool, and against the fool”. And these works he composed before he became Archbishop. Then, made Archbishop, he wrote one book On the incarnation of the Word, which he offered to Pope Urban, and which was most pleasing to him. He wrote then near Capua in Italy the book he had begun in England, which is entitled “Why God became man”. Afterwards at Lyons in Gaul he wrote two books: On the virginal conception and original sin, 1 book; On the meditation of human redemption, 1. Not far from the end of his life he wrote in England On the harmony of foreknowledge, predestination and the grace of God with free will. And when he was dying he said he wished for a little more time, that he might finish the most obscure question of the origin of the soul which he had begun; but this time was not given him, that a greater good might be given him in eternity. He wrote lastly many letters, both before the archbishopric and after, of which [three books] are extant [“duodecim” printed]. All these works are extant, often printed, except the last; and of these no question should be made.
Now I shall add the works carried under the name of St. Anselm, divided into three volumes. In the first volume: Commentaries on Matthew, and lessons or explanations on various places of the Gospels. In the second volume: Commentaries on the letters of St. Paul; Commentaries on the Canticles and on the Apocalypse. In the third volume: little works and letters; and the little works, besides those we have given from Eadmer, are these: On the procession of the Holy Spirit, 1 book; On leavened and unleavened bread, 1; On the difference of the Sacraments, 1; On likenesses, 1; On the will of God, 1; On the misery of man, 1; On the measurement of the Cross, 1; a little book of Meditations, 1; On the garments, members and acts attributed to God; the dialogue On the Passion of the Lord, 1; the Mirror of Gospel speech, or the goad of love; the Homily on the Assumption, on the words, Jesus entered, 1; On the excellence of the Blessed Virgin Mary, 1; On the image of the world, 2.
First note. Of the commentary on Matthew and the lessons on various places of the Gospels, I doubt whether they are St. Anselm's; for it is not credible that they could have been left out by Eadmer, who counted the little works so minutely. Moreover, in the Paris edition of the year 1544 [“1344” printed], in which all the works of St. Anselm are said to be, the commentary on Matthew is not found. Yet I define nothing, but open my suspicion.
Second note. The Commentaries on the letters of St. Paul in the Paris edition of the year 1544 are attributed to Herveus, not Anselm; and that title seems truer. First, because this so long and great work is not counted by Eadmer among the works of St. Anselm. Second, because the old title has Herveus. Third, because these commentaries are woven from the explanations of others, and are often lighter than the writings of St. Anselm are wont to be. The Commentaries on the Canticles and on the Apocalypse are usually attributed to Anselm of Laon; and it could easily happen that, from the likeness of the name, the works of one were attributed to the other; especially since Eadmer does not mention these commentaries.
Third note. Of the little works not found in plain words in Eadmer, it seems those three works should be admitted as genuine St. Anselm's which are against the Greeks, namely On the procession of the Holy Spirit, On unleavened and leavened bread, and On the difference of the Sacraments. For Eadmer writes, book 2, that St. Anselm, by order of Pope Urban, disputed with the Greeks in the Council of Bari and most plainly convicted them; and it is credible that those disputations were committed to writing by the same Anselm. Add that the little work on unleavened bread and the other on the difference of the Sacraments have Anselm's style and a prefixed letter of Anselm to Bishop Walram, as is clear from the beginning of the books; and in the former mention is made of the book On the procession of the Holy Spirit written by the same Anselm. Likewise the little work entitled the Goad of love seems to be the one of which Eadmer, at the beginning of the book, says Anselm wrote his prayers to God; for this little work contains nothing but pious prayers to God through all the articles of the life and passion of Christ. The little book of meditations, which contains only prayers, belongs to the same.
The little work On the garments and members and acts attributed to God, besides not being found in Eadmer, is found among the books of St. Jerome and St. Augustine under another title; but it is not those Fathers' either, as we said above. Among the works of St. Jerome it is entitled On the things attributed to God in the Scriptures; in the works of St. Augustine it is entitled On the essence of the Godhead. The dialogue On the Passion of the Lord is not St. Anselm's but of some unlearned man, who writes many silly and some false things; and calls Anselm himself blessed Anselm, which title he would never have given himself. The homily on the assumption of the Blessed Virgin is extant also among the homilies collected by Alcuin; and Alcuin preceded Anselm by three hundred years. The little work On the excellence of the Blessed Virgin does not seem to be Anselm's, not only because Eadmer does not mention it, but also because it has not the style nor the weight of Anselm. The little work On likenesses is not Anselm's but of some disciple of his; for in the last chapters he calls Anselm his father, and tells much of his words and deeds. The little work On the image of the world is usually attributed to Honorius the recluse, and contains many fabulous and silly things, unworthy to be attributed to Anselm. The little work On the will of God is very short and has nothing worthy of Anselm's mind. The little work On the measurement of the Cross I doubt whose it is, since Eadmer does not mention it.
Fourth note. Sixtus of Siena in his library attributes to St. Anselm an explanation on Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua and Judges; but whence he has this I cannot guess, since such great works escaped Eadmer.
Anselm of Laon. 1077
Anselm of Laon, the scholastic, a contemporary of St. Anselm of Canterbury or a little younger, wrote the interlinear gloss, which is extant with the ordinary gloss and that of Lyra. To him (as we said a little before) are attributed the commentaries on the Canticles and on the Apocalypse which are found among the works of St. Anselm.
Berthold of Constance. 1077
Berthold of Constance, a most faithful and pious historian, continued the chronicle of Hermann the Lame to the year 1065, and besides wrote a history, or chronology, of the deeds of his time to the year of the Lord 1100, at which time he is thought also to have died.
The Micrologus. 1077
The Micrologus, whom some name John the Micrologus, wrote the book On Church observances, which is extant with other like ones printed at Cologne and at Rome. He lived in the time of Gregory VII and of Anselm, Bishop of Lucca; for in chapter 17 of his work he says that Anselm, Bishop of Lucca, observed in celebrating Mass a certain rite of Gregory VII and commended it to be observed by himself and others; and in chapter 14 he says that in his time Gregory VII sat in the Apostolic See.
Oecumenius and Olympiodorus
Oecumenius and Olympiodorus, Greek writers, wrote chains from the ancient Fathers: the former on the Acts of the Apostles and the Letters of St. Paul, the latter on Job. When they flourished is not altogether certain; for some place them between the year 800 and 900, others after the year one thousand. Olympiodorus wrote besides a Commentary on Ecclesiastes, which is extant in the first volume of the Library of the Holy Fathers, second edition. There is extant in the same first volume a certain chain on the Letter to the Romans under the name of Theodulus, Presbyter of Coele-Syria. But that Theodulus is much older than Oecumenius himself, who is cited in this chain; indeed this chain seems wholly taken from Oecumenius, and as it were a compendium of Oecumenius's chain on the letter to the Romans. Further, Theodulus, Presbyter of Coele-Syria, died under the emperor Zeno, on the witness of Gennadius On illustrious men.
Lambert of Hersfeld. 1077
Lambert of Aschaffenburg [Hersfeld], a notable and truthful historian, especially when he treats of the contention between Pope Gregory VII and the emperor Henry the third [IV]. He wrote a German history, and begins from the founding of the world to the year of the Lord 1077. But a certain Monk of Erfurt, whose proper name is unknown, continued it to the year of the Lord 1472 [as printed].
Ingulf the Englishman. 1077
Ingulf, an Abbot in England, was living in the year of the Lord 1050, as he himself testifies at the end of his history; but he survived to the year of the Lord 1100. He wrote a history of the Monasteries of England, which was very full, but touches on much that belongs to the deeds of the kings of England. It begins from the year of the Lord 664 and ends in the year of the Lord 1067 [1066], in which King William the first began to reign. This author is extant with others who wrote on English affairs.
Marianus Scotus. 1083
Marianus Scotus, a Monk of Fulda, wrote three books of chronicles from the beginning of the world to the year of the Lord 1083. But the first book lacks its beginning; he describes universal history quite diligently. His history was continued by Dodechin, Abbot of St. Disibod, to the year of the Lord 1200.
Blessed Bruno. 1088
Bruno of Cologne, the founder of the Carthusians, was held a most learned man, as the many encomia of his wisdom in Surius on the sixth of October testify. He lived in the time of Pope Urban the second, by whom he was called to Rome from the Chartreuse. He died in the year of the Lord 1101, from his life in Surius. He wrote many things, which are extant printed at Paris by Josse Bade; the chief seem to be the Commentaries on the Psalms and the Commentaries on the letters of St. Paul.
Ivo. 1088
Ivo, Bishop of Chartres, lived in the time of Urban the second, to whom letters of his are extant; but he survived to the year 1114 [1115]. He wrote a volume of decrees. He wrote also On the divine and Church offices, and twenty-one sermons on the chief feast days, which are extant printed at Cologne with other like books. He wrote too a book On the body of the Lord, which is extant in the Library of the Holy Fathers, volume 3. He wrote lastly many letters to various persons, some of which Cardinal Baronius gives, Annals volumes 11 and 12. There is carried also under Ivo's name the Panormia, or rather Pannomia; but that Pannomia is not called Ivo's because it was composed by Ivo, but because it is for the greatest part taken from Ivo's decree; for the Pannomia is as it were a compendium of Ivo's decree; and so it should not seem strange that in book 8 there are many decrees from Pope Innocent the second and from the history of Sigebert, who were later than Ivo.
Samuel of Morocco. 1090
Samuel of Morocco, from a Jew made a Christian, wrote a most useful letter, or book, on the coming of the Messias and on the things which the modern Jews deny, and for which they persevere obstinately in Judaism. And he wrote, as he himself testifies, a thousand years after the last overthrow of Jerusalem under the emperor Titus, that is, one thousand and seventy-two years after the birth of the Lord. This book is extant in volume 4 of the Library of the Holy Fathers, second edition, and is also found printed separately.
Show the Latin (Vives edition, OCR)
De Sancto Anselmo Cantuariensi. 1081. Sanctus Anselmus Cantuariensis Archie- piscopus factus est anno Domini 1<>93. tempo¬ re Urbani secundi Pontificis et Henrici tertii, alias quarti imperatoris. Vir fuit natione Italus, professione Monachus, ingenio acer¬ rimo, et sanctitate admiranda cum maxima prudentia et humilitate conjuncta, discipu¬ lus, et successor Lantfranci, de quo paulo ante diximus ejus vita ab Edinero fideliter conscripta apud Surium exstat die 21. Apri¬ lis : obiit feliciter anno aetatis 76. salutis 1109. nisi sit error in notis et scribendum sit 1106. vixit enim annos tredecim in episco¬ patu, et creatus fuerat Episcopus anno Do¬ mini 1093. quae omnia ex ipso Edinero con¬ stant. Scripsit multa opera, sed multo plura ei falso attribuuntur. Adscribam hic primum ea, quae Edinerus familiaris ejus annotavit, et ipso ordine quo ab Anselmo scripta fuisse narrat Edinerus. Primo igitur scripsit libros tres. De veritate, 1 De libero arbitrio, i De casu Diaboli, 1 Deinde scripsit alios tres. Monologii, librum 1 De grammatica, 1 Prosologii, 1 Scripsit paulo post responsionem ad quem¬ dam reprehensorem suum, praemissa ipsa reprehensione. Hi libri inscribuntur, « Pro insipiente, et contra insipientem : » atque haec opera, antequam Archiepiscopus fieret, composuit . Deinde Archiepiscopus factus scripsit librum unum de incarnatione Verbi, quem Urbano Papae obtulit, quique illi gra¬ tissimus fuit. Scripsit deinde apud Capuam in kalia li¬ brum, quem in Auglia inchoaverat, qui in¬ scribitur, « Cur Deus homo. » Postea Lug¬ dunum in Gallia scripsit duos libros. De conceptu virginali, et peccato originis, lib. 1 De meditatione redemptionis humanae, 1 Non procul a fine vitae scripsit ia Anglia. De concordia praescientiae, praedestinatio¬ nis et gratiae Dei cum libero arbitrio. Et cum moreretur, dixit optare se adhuc modicum temporis, ut quaestionem obscuris¬ simam de origine animae, quam coeperat, absolveret : sed hoc tempus datum ei non est, ut majus bonum ei in aeternitate daretur. Scripsit denique multas epistolas tum ante archiepiscopatum, tum postea, quarum duo¬ decim exstant. Haec omnia opera exstant saepius excusa, excepta ultimo et de his nul¬ la quaestio fieri debet. Nunc subjiciam ope¬ ra, quae ferentur sub nomine Sancti Anselmi, tribus tomis distincta. i In primo tomo : Commentaria in Matthaeum, et lectiones sive explanationes in varia loca Evangelio- rum. In secundo tomo sunt : Commeiftaria in epistolas Sancti Pauli. Commentaria in Cantica, et in Apocaly- psim. In tertio tomo sunt : ' Opuscula, et epistolae : et quidem opuscula praeter ea, quae ex Edinero posuimus, haec sunt : De processione Spiritus sancti, lib. 1 De fermentato, et azymo, 1 De diversitate Sacramentorum, i De similitudinibus, 1 De voluntate Dei, 1 De miseria hominis, i De mensuratione Crucis, 1 Meditationum libellus unus, 1 l)e vestimentis, membris, et actibus Deo tributis, De Passione Domini dialogus, 1 432 DE SCRIPTORIBUS ECCLESIASTICIS Speculum Evangelici sermonis, sive sti¬ mulus amoris. Homilia de Assumptione in illud, Intravit Jesus , 1 De excellentia B. V. Mariae, 1 De imagine mundi. 2 Observatio prima. De commentario in Matthseum, et lectio¬ nibus in varia loca Evangeliorum, ambigo an sint Sancti Anselmi : non enim credibile est, ab Edinero potuisse omitti, qui tam mi¬ nute opuscula numeravit. Ad haec, in edi¬ tione Parisiensi anni 1344. in qua dicuntur esse omnia opera sancti Anselmi, commen¬ tarius in Matthseum non invenitur. Nihil ta¬ men definio, sed suspicionem meam aperio. Observatio secunda. Commentaria in epistolas Sancti Pauli in editione Parisiensi anni -1544. tribuuntur Hersevo non Anselmo : et videtur ista in¬ scriptio verior. Primo, quia hoc opus tam prolixum et magnum ab Edinero non nume¬ ratur inter opera Sancti Anselmi. Secundo, quia Hervaei habet vetus inscriptio. Tertio, quia ista comnentaria contexta sunt ex aliorum explanationibus, et saepe leviora sunt quam esse soleant scripta Sancti Ansel¬ mi. Commentaria in Cantica et in Apocaly- psim, tribui solent Anselmo Laudunensi, sed facile fieri putuit, ut propter nominis simili¬ tudinem opera unius sint attributa alteri, praesertim cum Edinerus horum commenta¬ riorum non meminerit. Observatio tertia. Ex opusculis, quae in Edinero non inve¬ niuntur apertis verbis, videntur admittenda ut germana Sancti Anselmi, opera, illa tria quae sunt contra Graecos, videlicet, de pro¬ cessione Spiritus sancti, de azymo, et fer¬ mentato, et de diversitate Sacramentorum. Scribit enim Elinerus lib. n. Sanctum An- selmum jussu Urbani Papae in Concilio Ba- rensi disputasse cum Graecis,' cosque aper¬ tissime convicisse : et credibile est eas dis¬ putationes ab eodem Anselmo litteris fuisse mandatas, adde, quod opusculum de azymo, et alteram de diversitate Sacramentorum, habent stylum Anselmi, et praefixam episto¬ lam Anselmi ad Yalramum Episcopum, ut ex initio librorum constat, et in priore libro fit mentio libri de processione Spiritus sancti ab eodem Anselmo conscripti. Item opusculum, quod inscribitur, Stimu¬ lus amoris, videtur esse illud de quo Edinerus in prine, lib. dicit Ansel. scripsisse precatio¬ nes suas ad Deum, hoc enim opusculum ni¬ hil aliud continet, nisi pias precationes ad Deum per omnes articulos vitae, et passionis Christi. Eodem pertinet libellus meditationum, qui solas preces continet. Opusculum de vestimentis, et membris, et actibus Deo tributis, praeterquam quod non habetur apud Edinerum, habetur inter libros Sancti Hieronymi, et Sancti Augustini, sub alio titulo, sed neque illorum Patrum est, ut supra diximus. Inter opera Sancti Hierony¬ mi inscribitur, de his quae Deo in Scripturis attribuuntur. In operibus vero sancti Au¬ gustini inscribitur, de essentia divinitatis. Dialogus de Passione Domini non est San¬ cti Anselmi, sed alicujus indocti hominis, qui multa inepta, et aliqua falsa scribit : et ipsum Anselmum, vocatBeatum Anseimum : quem titulum ipse sibi nunquam tribuisset. Homilia de assumptione B. Virginis exstat etiam inter homilias ab Alcuino collectas : Alcuinus autem praecessit Anselmum per trecentis annis. Opusculum de excellentia B. Virginis non videtur Anselmi, non solum quia ejus non meminit Edinerus, sed etiam quia non habet stylum, neque gravitatem Anselmi. Opusculum de Similitudinibus, non est Anselmi, sed alicujus discipuli ejus : nam in ultimis capitibus vocat Anselmum patrem suum, et multa narrat de ejus verbis et fa¬ ctis. Opusculum de imagine mundi tribui solet Honorio incluso, et continet multa fabulosa, et inepta, indigna quae tribuantur Anselmo. Opusculum de voluntate Dei brevissimum est, et nihil habet Anselmi ingenio dignum. Opusculum de commensuratione Crucis, ambigo cujus sit, cum ejus non meminerit Edinerus. Observatio quarta. Sixtus Senensis in sua bibliotheca tribuit Sancto Anselmo explicationem in Genesim, Exodum, Leviticum, Numeros, Deuterono¬ mium, Josue, et Judices : sed unde boc ha_ AB ANNO DOM. 1000. AD 1100. 433 beat, divinare non possum, cum tanta opera Edinerum latuerint. De Anselmo Laudunensi. 1077. Anselmus Laudunensis scholasticus Sancti Anselmi Gantuariensis aequalis, aut paulo junior, scripsit glossam interlinearem, quae exstat cum glossa ordinaria, et Lyrani. Ei¬ dem (ut paulo ante diximus) tribuuntur commentaria in Cantica, et in Apocalypsim, quae habentur inter opera Sancti Anselmi. De Bertoldo Constantiensi. 1077. Bertoldus Gonstantiensis, historicus fide¬ lissimus , et pius, continuavit chronicum Hermanni Contracti usque ad annum 1065. et praeterea scripsit historiam, sive chrono- logiam rerum gestarum sui temporis usque ad annum Domini 1100., quo tempore puta¬ tur etiam obiisse. De Micrologo. 1077. Micrologus, quem aliqui JoannemMicrolo gum nominant, scripsit librum de Eccle¬ siasticis observationibus, qui exstat cum aliis similibus Coloniae, et Romae excusis ; vixit autem tempore Gregorii VII. et Ansel¬ mi Episcopi Lucensis : nam cap. 17. sui ope¬ ris dicit, Anselmum Lucensem Episcopum observasse in Missa celebranda ritum quem¬ dam Gregorii VII. et sibi atque aliis obser¬ vandum commendasse, et cap. 14. dicit, suo tenipore Gregorium VII in Sede Aposto- lica sedisse. De GEcumenio et Objmpiodoro. QEcumenius, et Olympiodorus Graeci scri¬ ptores scripserunt catenas ex antiquis Pa¬ tribus : ille in Acta Apostolorum, et Episto¬ las S. Pauli; iste in Job : quo tempore flo¬ ruerint, non omnino constat ; alii enim col¬ locant eos inter annum 800. et 900, alii post annum millesimum. Scripsit praeterea Olym¬ piodorus Commentarium in Ecclesiastem, quod exstat in primo tomo bibliothecae san¬ ctorum Patrum, editione secunda. Exstat in eodem primo tomo catena quaedam inEpisto. lam ad Romanos sub nomine Theoduli Pre¬ sbyteri Coelesyriae. Sed Theodulus ille multo antiquior est ipso OEcumenio qui in hac ca¬ tena citatur ; imo ista catena ex OEcumenio Tom. XII. videtur tota excerpta, et quasi compendium esse catenae OEcumenii in epistolam ad Ro¬ manos. Porro Theodulus presbyter Coelesyriae obiit sub Zenone imperatore, teste Gennadio de viris illustribus. De Lamberto Schafnaburgensi. 1077. Lambertus Schafnaburgensis insignis, et verax historicus, praesertim cum de conten¬ tione inter Gregorium VII. Papam, et Ilenri- cum tertium imperatorem agit. Scripsit hi¬ storiam Germanicam, et incipit ab orbe con¬ dito usque ad annum Dom. 1077. Sed conti¬ nuavit Monachus quidam Erphesphordensis, cujus nomen proprium ignoratur, usque ad annum Dom. 1472. De Ingulpho Anglo. 1077. Ingulphus Abbas in Anglia vivebat anno Dom. 1050. ut ipse testatur in fine historiae suae : sed supervixit usque ad annum Dom. 1100. Scripsit historiam Monasteriorum An- gliae, quae amplissima erant, sed attingit multa, quae ad res gestas regum Angliae pertinent. Incipit ab anno Dom. 664. et de¬ sinit anno Dom. 1067. quo rex Willelmus primus regnare coepit. Exstat hic auctor cum aliis, qui de rebus Anglicanis scripse runt. De Mariano Scoto. 1083. Marianus Scotus Monachus Fuldensis scri¬ psit libros tres chronicorum ab initio mundi usque ad annum Dom. 1083. Sed primus li¬ ber caret principio : describit historiam uni¬ versalem satis diligenter. Continuavit ejus historiam Dodechinus Abbas S. Dysibodi usque ad annum Dom. 1200. De B. Brunone. 1088. v Bruno Carthusianorum institutor, Colo¬ ni ensis, vir doctissimus habitus est, ut te¬ stantur multa encomia sapientiae ipsius apud Surium die sexto Octobris. Vixit tempore Urbani secundi Pontificis, a quo Romam vocatus fuit ex Carthusia. Obiit autem anno Dom. 1101. ex vita ejus apud Surium. Scri¬ psit multa, quae exstant impressa Parisiis apud Jodocum Ascensium : praecipua esse videntur Commentaria in Psalmos, et Com¬ mentaria in epistolas S, Pauli. 28 434 DE SCRIPTORIBUS ECCLESIASTICIS De Yvone. 1088. Yvo Carnotensis Episcopus vixit tempore Urbani secundi, ad quem exstant epistolae : sed supervixit usque ad annum 1114. Scri¬ psit volumen decretorum. Scripsit etiam de divinis et Ecclesiasticis officiis, et praecipuis festis diebus sermones viginti unum, qui exstant excusi Colonia? cum aliis similibus libris. Scripsit quoque librum de corpore Domini, quod exstat in bibliotheca sancto¬ rum Patrum tomo 3. Scripsit denique epi¬ stolas multas ad varios, quarum nonnullas refert Card. Baronius tomo 11 et 12. anna¬ lium. Fertur etiam sub Yvonis nomine Par- normia, seu potius Pannomia : sed ea Pan- nomia non dicitur Yvonis , quia sit ab Yvone composita, sed quia sit ex decreto Yvonis maxima ex parte desumpta : est enim Pannomia quasi compendium decreti Yvonis, et ideo mirum videri non debet, quod libro vm. multa sint decreta ex Inno- centio secundo Papa, et ex historia Sigeberti, qui fuerunt Yvone posteriores. De Samuele Marochiano. 1090. Samuel Marochianus ex Judseo Christia¬ nus scripsit utilissimam epistolam , sive librum de adventu jMessiae, et de iis, quse Judaei moderni negant, et ob quae in Judai- smo obstinate perseverant. Scripsit autem, ut ipse testatur, post mille annos ab ultima eversione Hierosolymae sub Tito imp.,id est, post annos mille septuaginta duos a natali Domini. Exstat hic liber in tomo iv. biblio¬ thecae sanctorum Patrum, edit, secunda, et etiam seorsim excusus invenitur.